If it is found that you have plagiarized -- deliberately or inadvertently -- you may face serious consequences. In some instances, plagiarism has meant that students have had to leave the institutions where they were studying. The best way to avoid plagiarism is to cite your sources - both within the body of your paper and in a bibliography of sources you used at the end of your paper.
It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Citing sources: Overview.
Overview Citation style guides Cite data. Manage your references Use these tools to help you organize and cite your references:. Citation Management and Writing Tools. Full references always include the author, title, and publication date of the source.
They also include other information that helps identify the source. The exact format of a reference depends on the type of source. For example, a book reference includes the publisher and sometimes the edition, while a journal article reference includes volume and issue numbers and the page range where the article appears. See examples of references for common source types below.
Because each style has many small differences regarding things like italicization, capitalization, and punctuation, it can be difficult to get every detail right.
The easiest option is to use a citation generator. You can use a URL or DOI or input the source details manually, and the generator will automatically produce an in-text citation and reference entry in the correct format. Universities use plagiarism checking software to scan your paper and identify any similarities to other texts.
You can avoid this by using a plagiarism checker yourself before you submit the paper. Based on the results, you can add missing citations and rephrase your text where necessary.
There are many free and paid plagiarism checkers available online, so we created a detailed comparison of the options in terms of accuracy and safety. It also suggests a correction for every mistake. If you need extra help with your reference list, we also offer a citation editing service. At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts except exams and in-class exercises.
Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text. What is common knowledge? Common knowledge -- information quickly accessible to the reader of a given document.
The reader need not actually know the information, but must be able to check its accuracy quickly in any good library without citations from the author of the paper. Usually, the reader should also be able to check or pursue the information in a variety of published sources.
Such common or readily available information does not require documentation. But if the reader does need to use a particular source to follow up or verify the information, a reference to that source is necessary.
Click on the links for more explanation of the various rules. Most writers realize that they must acknowledge a source when quoting a memorable phrase or sentence. But when a single word or two are used in a distinctive way, so that the author is creating a new concept or applying it to a new topic, you must give acknowledge the source.
Wilson through an influential publication, in which case you should put the single word in quotation marks, at least in your first mention of it in your text. Facts that are generally accessible the date of the Declaration of Independence, for instance need not be cited to a particular source, but once you go up one level of detail on the information ladder, you probably need to cite the source the number of people who signed the Declaration, for instance.
And note that commonly known facts found in a particular or unusual context should be cited, so that the reader knows how your argument may have been influenced by the context in which you found it. For more, see Common Knowledge. For my purposes, though, these same experiments shed important light on the social capacities of primates. Building on the work of others is appropriate and desirable, but methods, like specific words and phrases, are a form of intellectual property.
Although writing code may seem different from writing papers, the same standards of acknowledgment apply.
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