Colic Update in Horses. Colic: Waiting for the Veterinarian. Cortisone and Laminitis in Horses. Cryptorchid Stallions. Cryptorchid Testicle Descent in Horses. Cutaneous Lymphangitis in Horses. Decreased Sweating in Horses. Dental Abnormality Frequency in Horses. Diagnosing Asthma in Horses. Diarrhea in Newborn Foals. Equine Recurrent Uveitis in Horses. Excessive Tearing in Horses.
Eye Issues in Foals. Feeding to Prevent Colic in Horses. Flying Insect Allergy in Horses. Foal Diarrhea Caused by Lawsonia. Foot Injuries in Horses. Gastric Ulcers in Horses. Heart Murmurs in Horses. Herpes Virus in Horses. Hindlimb Suspensory Ligament Disease in Horses. Hock Arthrodesis with Ethyl Alcohol in Horses. Hoof Abscess Treatment in a Horse. Hoof Pain Treatment in Horses. Hoof Wall Cracks in Horses. Hyperinsulinemia in Horses. Impaction Colic in Horses.
Inhalant Allergies and Pruritus in Horses. Initial Management of a Colicky Horse. Kissing Spines in Horses is Hereditary. Laceration Treatment to the Horse's Hoof Wall. Lameness Evaluation in Horses. Lower Leg Problems in Newborn Foals. Moon Blindness Recurrent Uveitis in Horses. Muscular Disorders in Athletic Horses. Nasal Discharge in Horses. Navicular Lameness Heel Pain in Horses.
Neck Pain in Horses. Necrotic Vaginitis in Horses and Donkeys. Neonatal Isoerythrolysis in Foals. Neurological Problems in Horses. Nitrate and Nitrite Poisoning in Horses. Ocular Disease in Horses. Oral Ulcers in Horses. Palmar Foot Pain in Horses. Palmar Foot Pain Treatment. Parasite Resistance in Horses. Pastern and Heel Dermatitis in Horses. Pastern Dermatitis in Horses. Pastern Dermatitis in Horses Caused by Mites. Pastern Lacerations in Horses. Physitis in Young Horses. Pigeon Fever in Horses.
Pinworms in Horses. Piroplasmosis and How to Protect your Horse. Piroplasmosis in Horses. Placentitis in Mares. Potomac Horse Fever Sometimes Fatal. Preventing and Controlling Mange in Horses. Preventing Contagious Diseases in Horses. Preventing Enteroliths in Horses. Proximal Suspensory Ligament Injury in Horses. Pythiosis in Horses. Rabies in Horses. Rain Scald and Ringworm in Horses. Rattlesnake Bites' Effect on Horses' Hearts. Recurrent Colic in Horses.
Rein Lameness in Horses. Research on Gastric Ulcers in Horses. Rhodococcus equi in Foals. Rhodococcus Pneumonia Uncommon in Horses. Ringworm in Horses. Sacroiliac Pain in Horses. Sarcoid Skin Tumor Treatment in Horses.
Seasonal Pasture Myopathy in Horses. Septic Metritis in Mares. Shivers in Horses. Sinus Disease in Horses. Skin Disease in Horses.
Skin Tumors in Horses. Sleep Disorders in Horses. Slobbers in Horses. Small Airway Inflammatory Disease in Horses. Splint Bone Disease in Horses. Splint Bone Fractures in Horses. Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Horse's Eyelid. Staph Pyoderma and Pruritus in Horses. Stomach Ulcers in Donkeys. Strangles Infections in Horses. Strep Immune-Mediated Myopathies in Horses.
Subcutaneous Emphysema in Horses. Subsolar Bruising in Horses. Summer Sores are around a Horse's Eye. Supplement Effectiveness on Equine Stomach Ulcers. Suspensory Ligament Injuries in Horses. Tendon Injury Treatments for Horses. Treating Clubfoot in Horses. Tying up in Quarter Horses and Other Breeds. Upward Fixation of the Patella is Common in Horses. Vesicular Stomatitis in Horses and Cattle. Viral Arteritis in Horses. Viral Respiratory Disease in Horses. White Line Disease in Horses.
Wounds between the Horse's Foreleg and Chest. Banamine Use in Horses. Adequan and Polyglycan in Horses. Adopting an Orphan Foal. Altering a Horse's Tail and the Ethics behind It. Aquatic Therapy for Horses. Artificial Insemination Techniques for Horses. Ban on Soring Horses. Bandaging Horse's Legs. Barefoot Versus Shod Horses. Barn Construction for Horses.
Barn Effect on Performance Horses. Best Grazing Time for Horses. Blanketing your Horse in Winter. Blood Builders in Performance Horses. Blood Loss from Lacerations in Horses. Blood Transfusions for Horses. Breeding a Performance Mare. Breeding the Older Maiden Mare. Broodmare Management. Calming Drugs for Horses.
Change your Horse's Diet Slowly. Choosing Hay for Horses. Cleaning and Disinfecting Horse Stalls and Trailers. Cold Therapy to Prevent Laminitis in Horses.
Complications of Equine Castration. Conditioning Horses on Water Treadmills. Contagious Disease Prevention in Horses. Corona Virus Testing in Horses.
CPR in Foals. CPR in New-borne Foals. Deciding to Breed your Mare. Decreasing Antibiotic Resistance in Horses. Decreasing Horse Colic in Winter. Dehydration and Electrolyte Loss in Horses. Dental Needs Change as Horses Age. Determining the Health of your Horse. Dewormer Resistance Increasing in Horses.
Dietary Tips for Hauling Horses. Differences in Horse Sweat. Digestion in Foals. Digestion in Horses. Digestion of Forage by Horses. Disease Protection at Horse Shows. Disposal of Used Needles in a Horse Barn. Donkey Basics. Dormosedan Gel Use in Horses. Dust Management in your Riding Arena. Electrolyte Supplementation in Horses.
Embryo Transfer in Mares. Emergency Care for Horses. Equine Nutrition. Equine Psychology. Equioxx vs. Previcox in Horses. Estrous Cycle Control in Mares. Examining your Horse's Foot.
Exercise and Sweat in Horses. Exercising Mares in Early Pregnancy. Extra Label Drug Use in Horses. Extreme Heat Care for Horses. Factors Affecting Pregnancy in Performance Mares. Farriers and Difficult Horses. Feeding a New Horse.
Feeding Alfalfa to Horses. Feeding Beet Pulp to Horses. Feeding Bran Mashes to Horses. Feeding Bread to Horses. Feeding Concentrate to Horses. Feeding Corn to Horses. Feeding Donkeys and Mules.
Feeding Horses During and after Colic. Feeding Horses with a Hay Net. Feeding Horses with Pasture-Associated Laminitis. Feeding Recommendations for Miniature Horses. The medication does however come in an extended-release formulation that offers the ability to be prescribed every hours. The extended-release formulation does have a draw back as it can only be prescribed for medium and large breed dogs as it only comes in mg and mg enterically coated tablets.
Zonisamide is also commonly used but only comes in oral formulations making it less user friendly in the more emergent epileptic. Zonisamide is good a monotherapy, well tolerated, and less frequently reported side effects. Potassium bromide rounds out the top four AEDs but is becoming less frequently used. Doses are provided, but it should be remembered that each AED will be started on the low end and titrated up. Based upon clinical improvement of seizures, the maximum dose tolerated, or toxicity will dictate the ceiling of each AED.
What to Expect from Drug Therapy Management of epileptic seizures often requires long-term care and clients should be forewarned that it can be a difficult and lengthy process. Regardless of the cause of seizures, some generalizations can be made. Each seizure episode tends to predispose to more episodes, as the abnormal brain cells encourage other brain cells to behave abnormally. Prolonged seizures can be life threatening.
Intracranial causes of seizure can rarely be cured, so the aim in treatment is to decrease the severity and frequency of the seizures. Patients with untreated epileptic seizures do have a tenancy to get worse over time. It is because of this it is imperative that epileptic patients be referred to veterinary neurologist for evaluation, workup, and discussion of therapeutic option before the patient is diagnosed with multidrug-resistant epilepsy.
Alternative Therapies for Canine Epilepsy Currently, within the realm of veterinary medicine there remains a lack of reported data regarding dietary supplementation for epilepsy management. Packer R. Physiology and Behavior ; Berk B. Research in Veterinary Science ; Featured Posts. Look for these signs. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 10 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy that were treated at the Seoul National University Hospital for Animals. A diagnosis was conducted based on physical and neurologic examination, complete blood count and chemical analysis, magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analyses.
Idiopathic epilepsy was diagnosed when all of these examinations were normal. This is useful when your pet's seizures are inadequately controlled with those drugs.
Zonisamide is also an alternative for animals that are allergic to, or have serious side effects from, other anti-seizure medications. Zonisamide can be used by itself or combined with other anticonvulsant medications.
Traditional antiseizure drugs can cause side effects including sedation, restlessness, loss of coordination, changes in thirst and appetite, or increased urination, among many other issues. For pets that cannot tolerate these drugs, or for pet owners who do not want to risk the side effects, Zonisamide may be a viable option. Pets receiving phenobarbital or potassium bromide must also have blood levels of these drugs measured to ensure they are receiving the appropriate dose.
With zonisamide, veterinarians disagree about whether the measurement of blood levels is needed. Some veterinarians believe measuring blood levels of zonisamide is important to evaluate whether the dosage is adequate and not approaching toxic levels. Many simply rely on clinical signs and monitoring of seizure activity to determine the efficacy of the medication dosage for the pet. While Zonisamide appears to be relatively safe for dogs, is effective in controlling seizures, and is well-tolerated, we lack long-term studies demonstrating safety and effectiveness.
It can also cause vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and in rare cases, skin reactions, elevated temperature, and blood disorders. Zonisamide is known to cause birth defects in puppies and should not be given to pregnant or nursing animals. It should also not be given to animals that are sensitive to sulfa drugs. Your veterinarian will determine the best method of administration and dosage for your dog, taking into consideration the best outcome and your pet's safety.
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